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1.
J Funct Biomater ; 14(10)2023 Sep 22.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37888150

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different types of porosity of titanium meshes on the bone neoformation process in critical defects surgically created in rat calvaria, by means of microtomographic and histomorphometric analyses. Defects of 5 mm in diameter were created in the calvaria of 36 rats, and the animals were randomly treated and divided into the following groups (6 animals per group): NCOG (negative control, only blood clot), TEMG (Polytetrafluoroethylene-PTFE-membrane), SPTMG (small pore titanium mesh), SPMMG (small pore mesh + PTFE), LPTMG (large pore titanium mesh), and LPMMG (large pore mesh + PTFE). After 60 days, the animals were sacrificed, and the bone tissue formed was evaluated with micro-CT and histomorphometry. The data were compared using an ANOVA followed by the Tukey post-test (p ≤ 0.05). The microtomographic results showed that the SPTMG group presented the highest numerical value for bone volume/total volume (22.24 ± 8.97), with statistically significant differences for all the other groups except LPTMG. Considering the histomorphometric evaluation, groups with only porous titanium meshes showed higher values compared to the groups that used the PTFE membrane and the negative control. The SPTMG group presented higher values in the parameters of area (0.44 mm2 ± 0.06), extension (1.19 mm2 ± 0.12), and percentage (7.56 ± 1.45%) of neoformed bone. It was concluded that titanium mesh with smaller pores showed better results and that the association of PTFE membranes with titanium meshes did not improve the outcomes, suggesting a correlation between mesh porosity and underlying bone repair.

2.
J Funct Biomater ; 13(3)2022 Aug 23.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36135558

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a new porcine bone graft in rat calvaria bone defects. Critical defects were surgically created in 24 rats that were divided into four experimental groups according to defect filling (n = 6): Control Group (CG)­blood clot; Porcine Bone Group (PG)­porcine-derived bone substitute; (BG): Bio-Oss Group (BG)−chemically and heat-treated bovine graft; Bonefill Group (BFG)­chemically treated bovine bone substitute. Euthanasia of the animals occurred 30 days after the surgery, and the area of the original surgical defect and the surrounding tissues were removed for micro-CT and histomorphometric analysis. In the micro-CT evaluation, the PG presented statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in comparison to the CG, BG and BFG, for the parameters percentage of Bone Volume (BV/TV), Surface Bone Density (BS/TV), Number of Trabeculae (Tb.N) and Bone Connectivity (Conn), but not for Total Porosity (Po.tot) and Trabecular Thickness (Tb.Th). The histomorphometric analysis showed that the PG presented similar results to the BG regarding newly formed bone extension and to the BG and BFG regarding newly formed bone area. The porcine-derived graft presented superior microtomographic and histomorphometric results when compared to the two bovine bone substitutes.

3.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 27(9): 3399-3407, set. 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1394223

ABSTRACT

Resumo Este artigo pretende focar três preocupações da saúde pública do século XIX em São Paulo para demonstrar que os grandes marcos legislativos ou as importantes epidemias do período - tratados como decisivos pela historiografia - tiveram pouca ou nenhuma importância sobre os processos sociais que impulsionaram mudanças longe da capital. As três preocupações paulistanas que serão tratadas são a prisão, o cemitério e o comércio de víveres. Por se tratar de um raciocínio bastante divergente do que hoje se entende como saúde pública, o artigo iniciará com uma discussão acerca do pensamento sobre salubridade no século XIX, e também sobre o anacronismo que muitas vezes permeia os estudos a esse respeito. Em seguida, se focará sobre a prisão, que era uma questão de primeira ordem quanto à saúde pública no século XIX, e mais ainda em São Paulo (e possivelmente em todo o Brasil), onde havia um grande trânsito entre o interior das prisões e o espaço urbano. Logo após, será tratada a questão dos cemitérios, que se apresentava também como um tema muito importante de saúde pública, mas que esbarrava no poder eclesiástico e por isso gerava tensão. Por fim, a questão dos víveres, que era em São Paulo o item menos consoante com as demandas modernas de saúde.


Abstract In this article, I intend to focus on three public health concerns of the nineteenth century in São Paulo, to demonstrate that the great legislative milestones or important epidemics of the period - regarded by historiographers as decisive - had little to no importance on the social processes that drove changes away from the capital. The three concerns I will be addressing are the prison, the cemetery, and the food trade. Because this is a very divergent reasoning from what is now understood as public health, I will begin with a discussion about the concept of health in the nineteenth century, and also about the anachronism that often permeates studies on this topic. Then, I will focus on the prison, which was a first order issue regarding public health in the nineteenth century, and even more so in São Paulo (and possibly throughout Brazil), where there was a great traffic between the interior of the prisons and the urban space. After that, I will tackle the issue of cemeteries, which was a very important public health topic, but one that generated tension, since it ran into ecclesiastical power. And finally, the issue of food, which was, in São Paulo, the item least consonant with modern demands of health.

4.
Cien Saude Colet ; 27(9): 3399-3407, 2022 Sep.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36000631

ABSTRACT

In this article, I intend to focus on three public health concerns of the nineteenth century in São Paulo, to demonstrate that the great legislative milestones or important epidemics of the period - regarded by historiographers as decisive - had little to no importance on the social processes that drove changes away from the capital. The three concerns I will be addressing are the prison, the cemetery, and the food trade. Because this is a very divergent reasoning from what is now understood as public health, I will begin with a discussion about the concept of health in the nineteenth century, and also about the anachronism that often permeates studies on this topic. Then, I will focus on the prison, which was a first order issue regarding public health in the nineteenth century, and even more so in São Paulo (and possibly throughout Brazil), where there was a great traffic between the interior of the prisons and the urban space. After that, I will tackle the issue of cemeteries, which was a very important public health topic, but one that generated tension, since it ran into ecclesiastical power. And finally, the issue of food, which was, in São Paulo, the item least consonant with modern demands of health.


Este artigo pretende focar três preocupações da saúde pública do século XIX em São Paulo para demonstrar que os grandes marcos legislativos ou as importantes epidemias do período - tratados como decisivos pela historiografia - tiveram pouca ou nenhuma importância sobre os processos sociais que impulsionaram mudanças longe da capital. As três preocupações paulistanas que serão tratadas são a prisão, o cemitério e o comércio de víveres. Por se tratar de um raciocínio bastante divergente do que hoje se entende como saúde pública, o artigo iniciará com uma discussão acerca do pensamento sobre salubridade no século XIX, e também sobre o anacronismo que muitas vezes permeia os estudos a esse respeito. Em seguida, se focará sobre a prisão, que era uma questão de primeira ordem quanto à saúde pública no século XIX, e mais ainda em São Paulo (e possivelmente em todo o Brasil), onde havia um grande trânsito entre o interior das prisões e o espaço urbano. Logo após, será tratada a questão dos cemitérios, que se apresentava também como um tema muito importante de saúde pública, mas que esbarrava no poder eclesiástico e por isso gerava tensão. Por fim, a questão dos víveres, que era em São Paulo o item menos consoante com as demandas modernas de saúde.


Subject(s)
Prisons , Public Health , Brazil , Humans
5.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos ; 29(1): 185-194, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35442285

ABSTRACT

An interview with Christopher Hamlin in November 2020 in which he explains how he became interested in the history of public health. He talks about the outcomes of epidemics, the relationship between trust in science and moral imagination, why historians use previous public health experiences to think about the present, the role of discipline and ideology in problem-solving arrangements to deal with public health issues, and his new article on legal medicine.


Subject(s)
Morals , Politics , Humans , Male , Public Health
6.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 29(1): 185-194, Mar. 2022.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1375586

ABSTRACT

Abstract An interview with Christopher Hamlin in November 2020 in which he explains how he became interested in the history of public health. He talks about the outcomes of epidemics, the relationship between trust in science and moral imagination, why historians use previous public health experiences to think about the present, the role of discipline and ideology in problem-solving arrangements to deal with public health issues, and his new article on legal medicine.


Resumo Entrevista com Christopher Hamlin, feita em novembro de 2020, na qual ele explica como se interessou pela história da saúde pública, fala sobre as consequências das epidemias, sobre a relação entre confiança na ciência e imaginação moral, por que historiadores levantam experiências passadas de saúde pública para pensar a respeito do presente, sobre o papel da disciplina e da ideologia nos arranjos para resolução de problemas de saúde pública e comenta a respeito do seu novo artigo sobre medicina legal.


Subject(s)
Public Health/history , Trust , Epidemics , Problem Solving , Science
7.
Rev. méd. Minas Gerais ; 32: 32112, 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1426464

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) é uma das doenças crônicas mais comuns da infância. O adequado controle do DM1 engloba uma ação multidisciplinar e envolve ambientes nos quais as crianças passam grande parte do tempo do seu dia, as escolas. Objetivos: Identificar a realidade vivenciada pelo aluno com diabetes no ambiente escolar sob a visão dos pais ou responsáveis. Métodos: Aplicado um questionário a 200 pais ou responsáveis por alunos com diabetes matriculados na educação infantil, nos ensinos fundamental e médio de escolas públicas e privadas de Belo Horizonte, compreendidos entre a faixa etária dos quatro aos dezoito anos. Resultados: A escolha da escola pelos pais foi influenciada pelo fato da criança ter diabetes em 16,5% dos casos. Houve negação inicial de matrícula. Foram necessárias explicações sobre o DM1 para os professores em 67,5% dos casos. Para 74,5% dos pais, os professores das escolas envolvidas não possuem o conhecimento necessário sobre diabetes. A maioria das crianças tem a permissão para realizar a glicemia capilar em sala de aula. Cerca de 54,5% dos alunos com diabetes fazem o uso de insulina na escola, entretanto, grande parte delas não oferecem um local específico para tal procedimento. A merenda escolar foi considerada inadequada. Houve relato de bullying. Alguns foram impedidos de participarem de excursões e até mesmo da educação física. Conclusão: Os alunos com DM1 vivenciam uma realidade inadequada no ambiente escolar. A maioria das escolas não está preparada do ponto de vista técnico e estrutural para receber estas crianças.


Introduction: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood. Proper control of DM1 encompasses a multidisciplinary action and involves environments in which children spend much of their day, such as schools. Objectives: To identify the reality experienced by students with diabetes in the school environment from the perspective of parents or guardians. Methods: A questionnaire was applied for 200 parents or guardians of students with diabetes enrolled in early childhood education, in the elementary and high schools of public and private schools in Belo Horizonte, in the age group of four to eighteen years. Results: The parents' choice of school was influenced by the fact that the child had diabetes in 16.5% of cases. There was an initial denial of registration on school. Explanations about DM1 were needed for teachers in 67.5% of cases. For 74.5% of parents, school teachers do not have the necessary knowledge about diabetes. Most children are allowed to take capillary blood glucose in the classroom. About 54.5% of students with diabetes use insulin at school, however, in most of them there are not a specific place for such procedure. The school meal was considered inadequate. There was a bullying relationship. Some students were prevented from getting involved in extracurricular activities such as excursions and in physical education. Conclusion: Students with DM1 experience an inadequate reality in the school environment. Most schools are not technically and structurally prepared to receive these children.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , School Health Services , Schools , School Feeding , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/diet therapy , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/prevention & control , Social Determinants of Health , Parents , Students , School Teachers , Glycemic Control/methods , Hyperglycemia , Hypoglycemia
8.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos ; 27(2): 337-354, 2020 Jun.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32667602

ABSTRACT

This study outlines some understandings of the word "hygiene." The notion that originated in ancient Greece first began to be adopted as a system of diet and morals to prolong the lifespan. From a type of self-care, this idea transformed into a concept of governance to extend the lives of subject-citizens. The theoretical debate about what public hygiene used to be shows its eminently political side: not only was hygiene a branch of the political economy, the ideas of hygienists were also analyzed as to the degree of impact they had on policy. After political and scientific battles, certain understandings of government action emerged victorious, while others were forgotten and neglected.


Subject(s)
Health Behavior , Hygiene/history , Europe , Government/history , History, 15th Century , History, 16th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, Ancient , Humans , United States
9.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 27(2): 337-354, abr.-jun. 2020.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1134058

ABSTRACT

Resumo O estudo esboça algumas compreensões sobre a palavra "higiene". A partir do Renascimento, a ideia advinda da Grécia Antiga voltou a ser trabalhada, primeiramente como método para uma organização dietética e moral da vida que visava ao seu prolongamento. De uma espécie de cuidado de si, transformou-se em conceito de governança, cujo objetivo era o prolongamento da vida dos súditos/cidadãos. O debate teórico sobre o que era higiene pública mostra sua faceta eminentemente política: não apenas era um ramo da economia política, mas também eram analisadas as propostas dos higienistas de acordo com seu maior ou menor impacto na política. A batalha político-científica resultou na vitória de certas compreensões de ação estatal, e no esquecimento e na negligência de outras.


Abstract This study outlines some understandings of the word "hygiene." The notion that originated in ancient Greece first began to be adopted as a system of diet and morals to prolong the lifespan. From a type of self-care, this idea transformed into a concept of governance to extend the lives of subject-citizens. The theoretical debate about what public hygiene used to be shows its eminently political side: not only was hygiene a branch of the political economy, the ideas of hygienists were also analyzed as to the degree of impact they had on policy. After political and scientific battles, certain understandings of government action emerged victorious, while others were forgotten and neglected.


Subject(s)
Humans , History, 15th Century , History, 16th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , Health Behavior , Hygiene/history , United States , History, Ancient , Europe , Government/history
10.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 27(2): 337-354, abr.-jun. 2020.
Article in Portuguese | HISA - History of Health | ID: his-44329

ABSTRACT

O estudo esboça algumas compreensões sobre a palavra “higiene”. A partir do Renascimento, a ideia advinda da Grécia Antiga voltou a ser trabalhada, primeiramente como método para uma organização dietética e moral da vida que visava ao seu prolongamento. De uma espécie de cuidado de si, transformou-se em conceito de governança, cujo objetivo era o prolongamento da vida dos súditos/cidadãos. O debate teórico sobre o que era higiene pública mostra sua faceta eminentemente política: não apenas era um ramo da economia política, mas também eram analisadas as propostas dos higienistas de acordo com seu maior ou menor impacto na política. A batalha político-científica resultou na vitória de certas compreensões de ação estatal, e no esquecimento e na negligência de outras


Subject(s)
Hygiene , History of Medicine , Health Promotion
11.
J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab ; 32(5): 519-526, 2019 May 27.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31075083

ABSTRACT

Background Testicular adrenal rest tumors (TARTs) leading to primary gonadal failure are the main etiology of infertility in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). We aimed at identifying the evolution of TART and related findings in young CAH patients. Methods Twelve male patients (3-23 years old) with 21-hydroxilase deficiency (11 with classic salt-wasting form) were included. Testicular ultrasonography (US) was performed in two moments, by a single blinded specialist in pediatric diagnostic imaging. Tumor progression was classified according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). The clinical and laboratory data were retrieved from medical records. Serum 17-OH-progesterone (17OHP) and androstenedione concentrations were evaluated during the whole period of follow-up, from the CAH diagnosis. A logistic regression model with repeated measures was developed for the analysis. Results The prevalence of TART was 41.6% (n = 5) in the initial US evaluation and 66.6% (n = 8) after 6 years of follow-up. Tumor progression was detected in 4 of the 5 patients, and 1 presented with a stable tumor. Three patients presented with new tumors in the second evaluation. Most of the patients (n = 11) were pubertal, including a 7-year-old child with TART who presented with central precocious puberty. At regression analysis, it was observed that an inadequate hormonal control led to a 16 times greater chance of a patient to present with TART (OR = 16.08; confidence interval [CI] 95% = 2.38-108.81; p = 0.004). Conclusions We found a high prevalence of progressive TART in young pubertal subjects. US testicular screening should help in improving therapeutic optimization in CAH patients to reduce future impairment in fertility.


Subject(s)
Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/complications , Adrenal Rest Tumor/etiology , Testicular Neoplasms/etiology , Adolescent , Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/diagnostic imaging , Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/pathology , Adrenal Rest Tumor/diagnostic imaging , Adrenal Rest Tumor/pathology , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Prognosis , Testicular Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Testicular Neoplasms/pathology , Time Factors , Ultrasonography , Young Adult
12.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos ; 25(2): 353-369, 2018.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29898125

ABSTRACT

This article examines the work of two authors who represent academic production on collective health from 1970 to 1980: Madel Luz and Emerson Merhy. Their theoretical production was based on Marxist studies and Michel Foucault, and centered on history. The object of this analysis was this particular aspect, which became important to the field of collective health, since the authors broke with previous positivist and evolutionist thinking on health. Although Luz and Merhy reiterated the ideas and methodological approaches of their predecessors, they were part of the group that launched a critical historiography in the field of health. Studying works like these builds understanding on the relevance of historicity in the relationship between collective health, politics, learning, and practice.


O artigo examina a obra de dois autores representativos da produção acadêmica de saúde coletiva nos anos 1970-1980: Madel Luz e Emerson Merhy. Sua produção teórica se apoiou em estudos marxistas e em Michel Foucault, dando centralidade à história. Procurou-se analisar esse aspecto, que nesses trabalhos se tornou importante para o campo da saúde coletiva, pois os autores romperam com o pensamento anterior, positivista e evolucionista, sobre saúde. Concluiu-se que, embora os autores reiterem ideias e abordagens metodológicas dos seus antecessores, eles são parte do grupo que inaugurou uma historiografia crítica no campo da saúde. O estudo de obras como essas contribui para a compreensão da relevância da historicidade na relação entre saúde coletiva, política, saber e prática.

13.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos ; 25(2): 409-427, 2018.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29898128

ABSTRACT

The article presents new ways of interpreting the concept "medical police," which was used in the West in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Alternative understandings of the medical police in Europe, distinct from those offered by George Rosen and Michel Foucault, the preeminent twentieth-century thinkers on the topic, were derived by studying related treatises written in Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Spain, and Portugal. Records indicate that these treatises were not an exclusively German phenomenon nor did they constitute State regulation of the medical profession alone. Rather, they were broad-ranging treatises on how the State should manage public health in each location, according to its specific features and demands, whether institutional or political in nature.


Este artigo busca novas possibilidades de interpretação do conceito de "polícia médica", usado no Ocidente nos séculos XVIII e XIX. Recorreu-se aos próprios tratados escritos em Alemanha, Reino Unido, França, Espanha e Portugal, o que possibilitou outras maneiras de compreender o que foi a polícia médica na Europa, diferentes das de George Rosen e Michel Foucault, os pensadores do século XX que mais estudaram o assunto. A documentação aponta que esses tratados não foram um fenômeno exclusivamente alemão tampouco seriam uma regulação estatal da profissão médica apenas: eram tratados bastante abrangentes sobre como o Estado deveria gerir a saúde pública, em cada localidade, com suas peculiaridades e exigências próprias, fossem institucionais e/ou políticas.


Subject(s)
Public Health/history , Europe , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , Humans , Public Health Administration/history , Workforce
14.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 25(2): 409-427, abr.-jun. 2018.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-953875

ABSTRACT

Resumo Este artigo busca novas possibilidades de interpretação do conceito de "polícia médica", usado no Ocidente nos séculos XVIII e XIX. Recorreu-se aos próprios tratados escritos em Alemanha, Reino Unido, França, Espanha e Portugal, o que possibilitou outras maneiras de compreender o que foi a polícia médica na Europa, diferentes das de George Rosen e Michel Foucault, os pensadores do século XX que mais estudaram o assunto. A documentação aponta que esses tratados não foram um fenômeno exclusivamente alemão tampouco seriam uma regulação estatal da profissão médica apenas: eram tratados bastante abrangentes sobre como o Estado deveria gerir a saúde pública, em cada localidade, com suas peculiaridades e exigências próprias, fossem institucionais e/ou políticas.


Abstract The article presents new ways of interpreting the concept "medical police," which was used in the West in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Alternative understandings of the medical police in Europe, distinct from those offered by George Rosen and Michel Foucault, the preeminent twentieth-century thinkers on the topic, were derived by studying related treatises written in Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Spain, and Portugal. Records indicate that these treatises were not an exclusively German phenomenon nor did they constitute State regulation of the medical profession alone. Rather, they were broad-ranging treatises on how the State should manage public health in each location, according to its specific features and demands, whether institutional or political in nature.


Subject(s)
Humans , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , Public Health/history , Public Health Administration/history , Europe
15.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 25(2): 353-369, abr.-jun. 2018. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-953877

ABSTRACT

Resumo O artigo examina a obra de dois autores representativos da produção acadêmica de saúde coletiva nos anos 1970-1980: Madel Luz e Emerson Merhy. Sua produção teórica se apoiou em estudos marxistas e em Michel Foucault, dando centralidade à história. Procurou-se analisar esse aspecto, que nesses trabalhos se tornou importante para o campo da saúde coletiva, pois os autores romperam com o pensamento anterior, positivista e evolucionista, sobre saúde. Concluiu-se que, embora os autores reiterem ideias e abordagens metodológicas dos seus antecessores, eles são parte do grupo que inaugurou uma historiografia crítica no campo da saúde. O estudo de obras como essas contribui para a compreensão da relevância da historicidade na relação entre saúde coletiva, política, saber e prática.


Abstract This article examines the work of two authors who represent academic production on collective health from 1970 to 1980: Madel Luz and Emerson Merhy. Their theoretical production was based on Marxist studies and Michel Foucault, and centered on history. The object of this analysis was this particular aspect, which became important to the field of collective health, since the authors broke with previous positivist and evolutionist thinking on health. Although Luz and Merhy reiterated the ideas and methodological approaches of their predecessors, they were part of the group that launched a critical historiography in the field of health. Studying works like these builds understanding on the relevance of historicity in the relationship between collective health, politics, learning, and practice.


Subject(s)
Humans , Sociology , Public Health/history , Literature , Medicine in Literature
16.
Rio de Janeiro; Fiocruz; 2017. 276 p.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-983341

ABSTRACT

Percorre os caminhos do higienismo e do pensamento sanitário num período e num espaço social pouco frequentados, se não mesmo desprezados pela historiografia: a São Paulo da primeira metade do século XIX. A higiene do século XIX tornou-se uma religião laica que era ao mesmo tempo médica e moral, pois produzia um discurso normativo, baseado na autoridade moral da natureza. O termo polícia médica como instrumento higiênico de ordenação do espaço social traduzia igual ambivalência. Povo policiado era, então, sinônimo de povo civilizado, cujas leis higiênicas se oporiam aos costumes bárbaros. Assim, policiar era polir, introduzir polícia. No entanto, nesta obra, argumenta-se que o início do século XIX foi o momento em que a limpeza deixou de ser unicamente um elemento que denotava nobreza para assumir uma característica utilitária de preservação da saúde, em conformidade com a nova ordem imperial. Desse modo, liberalismo, cativeiro e miasmas se articulavam numa medicalização seletiva da cidade que encontrou como elemento legitimador o conceito de polícia médica. E a tradução institucional desse conceito excluiu a dimensão crítica e reformista dos efeitos deletérios da ordem social liberal europeia, exacerbando uma versão portuguesa mais punitiva.


Subject(s)
History of Medicine , Brazil
17.
Rio de Janeiro; FIOCRUZ; 2017. 276 p.
Monography in Portuguese | HISA - History of Health | ID: his-38704

ABSTRACT

Percorre os caminhos do higienismo e do pensamento sanitário num período e num espaço social pouco frequentados, se não mesmo desprezados pela historiografia: a São Paulo da primeira metade do século XIX. A higiene do século XIX tornou-se uma religião laica que era ao mesmo tempo médica e moral, pois produzia um discurso normativo, baseado na autoridade moral da natureza. O termo polícia médica como instrumento higiênico de ordenação do espaço social traduzia igual ambivalência. Povo policiado era, então, sinônimo de povo civilizado, cujas leis higiênicas se oporiam aos costumes bárbaros. Assim, policiar era polir, introduzir polícia. No entanto, nesta obra, argumenta-se que o início do século XIX foi o momento em que a limpeza deixou de ser unicamente um elemento que denotava nobreza para assumir uma característica utilitária de preservação da saúde, em conformidade com a nova ordem imperial. Desse modo, liberalismo, cativeiro e miasmas se articulavam numa medicalização seletiva da cidade que encontrou como elemento legitimador o conceito de polícia médica. E a tradução institucional desse conceito excluiu a dimensão crítica e reformista dos efeitos deletérios da ordem social liberal europeia, exacerbando uma versão portuguesa mais punitiva.(AU)


Subject(s)
History of Medicine , History, 19th Century , Brazil
18.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 92(6): 624-630, Nov.-Dec. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-829127

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: Childhood obesity has been associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to compare plasma levels of traditional metabolic markers, adipokines and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1 (sTNFR1) in overweight, obese and lean children. We also assessed the relationships of these molecules with classical metabolic risk factors. Methods: This study included 104 children and adolescents, which were grouped as: lean (n = 24), overweight (n = 30), and obese subjects (n = 50). They were subjected to anthropometrical, clinical and laboratorial measurements. All measurements were compared between groups. Correlation analyses were also performed to evaluate the association between clinical data, traditional metabolic markers, adipokines and sTNFR1. Results: Fasting glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides were comparable in lean, overweight and obese subjects. Plasma levels of sTNFR1 were similar in lean and overweight subjects, but significantly increased in obese group. Leptin, adiponectin and resistin levels did not differ when overweight were compared to obese subjects. However, all adipokines differed significantly when lean subjects were compared to overweight and obese individuals. Plasma levels of adiponectin were negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI), whereas leptin, resistin and sTNFR1 concentrations positively correlated with BMI. Conclusion: Our results showed significant differences in circulating levels of the evaluated markers when lean, overweight and obese individuals were compared, suggesting that these biomarkers may change from lean to overweight and from overweight to obesity.


Resumo Objetivo: A obesidade na infância tem sido associada à síndrome metabólica e a doenças cardiovasculares. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar níveis plasmáticos de marcadores metabólicos tradicionais, adipocinas e do receptor solúvel de fator de necrose tumoral tipo 1 (sTNFR1) em crianças com sobrepeso, obesas e magras. Também avaliamos as relações dessas moléculas com fatores de risco metabólico clássicos. Métodos: Este estudo incluiu 104 crianças e adolescentes, agrupados da seguinte forma: indivíduos magros (n = 24), com sobrepeso (n = 30) e obesos (n = 50). Eles foram submetidos a medições antropométricas, clínicas e laboratoriais. Todas as medições foram comparadas entre os grupos. Também foram feitas análises de correlação para avaliar a associação entre dados clínicos, marcadores metabólicos tradicionais, adipocinas e sTNFR1. Resultados: Glicemia de jejum, insulina, modelo de avaliação da homeostase da resistência à insulina (HOMA-IR), colesterol LDL e triglicerídeos foram comparáveis em indivíduos magros, com sobrepeso e obesos. Os níveis plasmáticos de sTNFR1 foram similares em indivíduos magros e com sobrepeso, porém significativamente maiores no grupo obeso. Os níveis de leptina, adiponectina e resistina não diferiram quando indivíduos com sobrepeso foram comparados aos obesos. Contudo, todas as adipocinas diferiram significativamente quando indivíduos magros foram comparados a indivíduos com sobrepeso e obesos. Os níveis plasmáticos de adiponectina estavam negativamente correlacionados ao índice de massa corporal (IMC), ao passo que as concentrações de leptina, resistina e sTNFR1 estavam positivamente correlacionadas ao IMC. Conclusão: Nossos resultados mostraram diferenças significativas nos níveis circulantes dos marcadores avaliados ao comparar indivíduos magros, com sobrepeso e obesos. Isso sugere que esses biomarcadores poderão mudar de indivíduos magros para indivíduos com sobrepeso e de indivíduos com sobrepeso para obesos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/blood , Overweight/blood , Adipokines/blood , Pediatric Obesity/blood , Triglycerides/blood , Blood Glucose/analysis , Insulin Resistance , Biomarkers/blood , Body Mass Index , Cross-Sectional Studies , Fasting/blood , Cholesterol, LDL/blood
19.
J Pediatr (Rio J) ; 92(6): 624-630, 2016.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27504976

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Childhood obesity has been associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to compare plasma levels of traditional metabolic markers, adipokines and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1 (sTNFR1) in overweight, obese and lean children. We also assessed the relationships of these molecules with classical metabolic risk factors. METHODS: This study included 104 children and adolescents, which were grouped as: lean (n=24), overweight (n=30), and obese subjects (n=50). They were subjected to anthropometrical, clinical and laboratorial measurements. All measurements were compared between groups. Correlation analyses were also performed to evaluate the association between clinical data, traditional metabolic markers, adipokines and sTNFR1. RESULTS: Fasting glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides were comparable in lean, overweight and obese subjects. Plasma levels of sTNFR1 were similar in lean and overweight subjects, but significantly increased in obese group. Leptin, adiponectin and resistin levels did not differ when overweight were compared to obese subjects. However, all adipokines differed significantly when lean subjects were compared to overweight and obese individuals. Plasma levels of adiponectin were negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI), whereas leptin, resistin and sTNFR1 concentrations positively correlated with BMI. CONCLUSION: Our results showed significant differences in circulating levels of the evaluated markers when lean, overweight and obese individuals were compared, suggesting that these biomarkers may change from lean to overweight and from overweight to obesity.


Subject(s)
Adipokines/blood , Overweight/blood , Pediatric Obesity/blood , Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/blood , Adolescent , Biomarkers/blood , Blood Glucose/analysis , Body Mass Index , Child , Cholesterol, LDL/blood , Cross-Sectional Studies , Fasting/blood , Female , Humans , Insulin Resistance , Male , Triglycerides/blood
20.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos ; 23(1): 211-20, 2016.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27008082

ABSTRACT

An interview with Charles Rosenberg conducted by Rafael Mantovani in November 2013 that addressed four topics. It first focused on the way in which Rosenberg perceived trends and directions in historical research on medicine in the United States during the second half of the twentieth century. The second focus was on his experience with other important historians who wrote about public health. Thirdly, he discussed his impressions about the current debate on health policy in his country. Finally, the last part explores some themes related to psychiatry and behavior control that have appeared in a number of his articles.


Subject(s)
Health Policy , History of Medicine , Historiography , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Insurance, Health/ethics , Psychiatry/history , Public Health , United States
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